Duplicating machine



March 2, 1937. E. K. JoHANsEN DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed May 14, 1934 5Sheets-Sheet 1 March 2, 1937.

l E. K. JoHANsEN 2,072,336

DUPLICA'r-ING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 14, 1934 March 2,19.37. E, K, JQHANSEN 2,072,336

DUPLICATING MACHINE 5 sheets-sheet s `Filed May 14, 1954 March 2, 1937.E. K JOHANSEN 2,072,336

DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed May 14, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 March Z, 1937.E. K. JoHANsl-:N

DUPLICATING- MACHINE Filed May 14, 1934 5. sheets-sheet 5` `5 profilesof arelativelysoft pattern,

rianne Mu. 2, 1931 `vlvlilrli STATESPATENT OFFICE M nurucaz'ismcnmn A. ll

'EinarK. JohansemGhicago, Ill., assignonhy `meme assignments, toporation, Chicago, Ill.,

Clearing `Machine Gora kcorporation of Illinois Y Apputatmnumy `14,1934, serial No. 125,460

s claims. (ci. sla-13.5)

` This invention relates to improvements in duplicatingmachines of thetype in which the cutteras well as the feeding oi the work to thecutteris controlledby a traceradapted to follow the and although such soitpattern, is designed `and in turn operating against f i tocontrol'relatively heavy pressure,

relatively heavy cutting machinery. Y

\ Still more speciilcally the invention relates to i atypeofmachinefgenerally known'anddesignated as na verticalkneecolumnmillingmachine, in which' the work supporting table as well as the patternsupport are `respectively advanced toward the cutter -tool and thetracer. by hydrauli. i cally operated means, the movements of the workand pattern in both a forward and `backward direction,"with respect" tothe tools, being autornatically controlled bythe action of the .traceragainst the pattern.

-A further object is to provide an improved, simple andrelativelyinexpensive attachment or this character which may be readily applied toa milling machine of the type'referred to, and thus provide an eiilcientmachine for producing or duplicating an article from an inexpensivepattern or master.

A further object is to provide improved safety mechanism whichwilloperate automatically to protect the machine and parts therefrom frominjury, due to carelessness or neglect of the opi erator, and improvedmeans for controlling the advancing movement of the work and patterncarrying supports, at the will of `the operator.

To theattainment of these ends and the accomplishment of other new anduseful objects as will appear, the invention consists in thefea- 'turesof novelty in substantially the construction, combination andarrangement of the several parts hereinafter more fully described andclaimed and shown 1n the accompanying drawings illustrating thisinvention and inwhich `Figure ul isa side elevation of a machine of thischaracter constructed in accordance with the principles of thisinvention.

Figure 1 is a. detail view in elevation, on an enlarged scale, of thetracer.

Figure 2 is an elevation taken from-'the left hand side of Figure 1.

- Figure 2a is an enlarged detail view of the tracer, supporting meanstherefor and the adjusting mechanism.

Figure 3 `is taken on line Figure 4 is a 55 4I, Figure 3,

an enlarged detail vsectional view 3-3, Figure 2.

detail sectional view taken on line AFigure 5 is an' enlarged detailsectional view `taken on line 5 5, Figure 1.

y -Figure y6 is a detail sectional view taken online Bei-0,', .Figure 5.Y f f Figure ..7 is a detail l-yl, Figure 5. i

Figure 8 is an e ged detail, vertical. sectional view, showingthe mannerof converting the usual telescoping feeding knee `screw and nut into a.sliding connection.

Figure 9 is a detail vertical sectional view, on kan enlarged scale,taken on line 9--9, Figure 1.

`Referring more particularly to the drawings, the numeral l5 vdesignatesa supporting base upon which is mounted the standard IB, provided `withtheusual knee I1 and spindlehead or bearing I8, whichlatter ismaintained in a iixed position upon the standard lli.` 'Ihe cutting toolI9 is secured tothe spindle and the latter is rotated in` any desired orsuitable manner.

Mounted upon the knee I1 is the usual cross slide 20, and carried by thecross slide 20 is a work supporting table 2l, the slide and table beingreciprocatedv transversely with respect to each other in the usualmanner.

The numerals 22 and 23 (see particularly Figure 8) designate the usualtelescoping knee screw and nut which are usually employed for raisingand lowering the knee, and which passes into the knee bearing 24 forraising and lowering the -30 knee. In the present invention theseelements are converted into a sliding bearing, and to that end there isprovided a sleeve 25 which replaces .the ordinary knee screw nut, and isthreaded upon the screw element 23. This element 25 35 telescopes into asleeve 26 and is held against rotation with respect thereto by means ofsuitable fastening devices, such as pins 21, or the like. The sleeve 26slides in the knee bearing 2las the knee is raised and lowered.

The base I5 (see particularly Figure 9) is cored out as at 28 to receivethe ends of cylinders 29, two ofsuch cylinders being disclosed-in thepresent invention. Within each of the cylinders a piston 30 isreciprocable, and connected to each 45 of the pistons is a piston rod3|, which projects through the top of the cy nder and is secured to anarm or bracket 32 carriedby the knee l1 so that when the piston 33 israised, the knee I1 will be raised, and as the piston 3l) descends 50elevation.` taken online 5 the knee I1 will also descend.

Hydraulic means are provided for raising the pistons 30, and to that endthere may be provided a suitable pump 33, the inlet side of which hascommunication with a liquid tank or reser- 2 f 2,072,336 voir 3| bymeans of a pipe connection 3l. 4Leadstylus is provided for maintainingthe valve meming from the outlet side -of the pump is a pipe 36 ber I5and the stylus member against axial rota-' which is connected with abranch pipe 31 that in tion one with relation to the other.' y turn isconnected with passages 38 that lead to Leading through the end member lare pas 5 the bottom of each of the cylinders 29 beneath sageways 68having communication with the the piston I0, and leading from the top ofeach oi' hollow portion II of the end member, and these the cylindersabove' the piston 3l is a Passage 39 passageways discharge into a cup orreceptacle t communicates with a passage Il withwhich Il from whichadrain pipe 1l leads. and which a pipe 4| has communicat n, and whichpipe 4| drain pipe communicates with the tank or reserleads back to anddischarges into the tank or voir lIl so that. if during the operation ofthel l reservoir Il, preferably adjacentthe top thereoftracer or at anytime any liquid should 11nd its With this part of the invention and whenthe way past the end of the valve It and past the Dump through thepipe'l'linto the cylinders 2l space 63,-it will flow therefrom into thereceptacle l under the pistons Il to raise the latter. and any Il and bedischarged back into the tank or reserliquid in the cylinders above thepistons Il will voir u, I

be discharged through the passages Il-ll and 'lhe tracer, as well as thevalve member Il, are

pipe Il. back to the tank. held in their forward positions. that' is. sothat The raising movement of the pistons' 3l and the passage 41 will beclosed to the pressure pipe consequently the knee I1 is controlled by5|, and the passage I3 will be open to the exhaust tracer which isadapted to follow the contours pipe I5 or in the position shown inFigure 3,

nsists v housing u having a chamber therein (see par- A md 14 is securedby one end u at 1| to the ticularly Figure 3) and in which chamber isarend of the valve It and projects through the top 80 ranged a sleevecontacting with the Wall member 'I3 l for any desired distance, and alsoone end of the nst the end of thel valve sages Il are also providedthrough the sleeve member and the other end of the springwill rest cateswith the passage 5l and'this pressure pipe be provided for locking themember 16 in its ad- II is connected and has communication with thejusted position. By the provision of this 40 pipe 31 as at 52, and isadapted to receive liquid 16,'it will lbe manifest that the stress ofthe spring *Y under pressurefrom the pump n. 'li may be varied, andthereb Within the W31! 0f the caihg 'u is other y against which thestylus or ngeris operated may an opening 54 through the sleeve 46, withan exmember 12 passes and is of a diameter considerhaust pipe 55 thatleads back to and discharges ably greater than thev diameter of thetubular into the tank orv reservoir 34. A slidable valve member so asnot 4to interfere with the operation member 5i, which is preferablyhollow for the of the parts 50 sake of lightness, slides within thesleeve 4I and Assuming the parts to be in the position shown is providedwith a circumferential recess or in Figure 3, and with' theend of thestylus 'or channel 51 opening through the periphery thereof. nger 58 outof contact with the pattern 42, the

'Ihis recess or channel 51 is adapted to be moved, valve I6 will be inthe limit of its forward movehollow as at 63 and is provided with atubular be raised until the work Il is brought into contact ,portion Mthrough which a shank 65 constituting with the cutter I9. which willoccur at substantiala part of the stylus freely passes. The diameter lythe same time that the pattern 421s brought into of the shank 65 isconsiderably less than the incontact with the stylus or ilnger 5l.'

ternal diameter of the tubular portion so as As soon as the stylus orlinger Il is moved by as a pin 66, carried by the valve member It and iand this will establish communication between '5 extending into a slot61 in'the head ll o! the the passages l1, Il, M and exhaust pipe 55,there. 75

the pistons n, se the piston 80 and by relieving the pressure under thatthe upward movement .or lknee |1 will be arrested during the cutter uponthe work and the traversing ci the stylus over the vpattern 42. e `Anyirregularities in thepattern will 'cause a 1 corresponding movement ofthe stylus 58 and consequently lthe valve 66, and this will ycontrol theextent or degree of. raising movement` of the knee. 'I'he amount ofpressure exerted uponthe piston 98 will then be cqutrolled by the degreeor size .of the. opening forming communication between the'passages48and 68. 1 4 4 As the piston 80 rises, anyliquid which is in the cylinder29 above v'the piston, will be discharged through the passage 99 (seeFigure 9), passage 40, pipe4l, back to the tank or'reservoir 84. Y

The operation of the stylus or iinger 58, which in turn operates thevalve 56, will control the raising and lowering movement offthe knee,:thehlowzerlng movement being effected by gravity.` y

4In order tofipreventthe building up of excess pressure bythe pump 36beneath. the pistons I0,

diagrammatically indicated byv the reference character 8|, may beprovided in the pipe 86 between the 'pump and the connection 52 of thepipe 5| with the pipe 36, and a control valve `82 may also be providedin the pipe 36.

In order to prevent undesired operation and the sucking of the liquidabove the pistons 80 when the knee descends, there may be provided avent83 in the tank or reservoir 84 above -the liquidl level.

given reciprocatory movements in the manner usual in milling machines ofthis character.

`The tracermechanism may be supported in any suitable manner, such as bymeans of an arm or bracket 84 secured to the standard I5 and i having abearing 85 therein in which a stem 86 is mounted, and which stem isadjustable vertically by means of an adjusting wheel or member 61 thatengages a, threaded portion 88 of the stem, a gage 89 being provided, i!desired, for indicating the adjustment.

The stem is provided with a laterally projecting bearing member 90having a slide 9| (see Figures 2 and 2a) movable therein, and the slideis provided with keys o`r ways 92 to prevent rotation in the bearing.The bearing is split and is provided with a clamping member 93 so as tosecure the parts in adjusted position. A screw 94 is `threaded into aseat 95 in the'bearing 90 and the screw passes through a loop or flange96 on the slide so that when the handle 91 is operated the bearingmember 9| may be adjusted transversely with respect to the stem 66. y Aslide 98 is arranged transversely of the bearing member 9| and isadapted to be adjusted by means of a hand wheel or screw 99 and theslide is held in its adjusted position by `means of screws |00 passingthrough slots in the bearing' member and into the slide. Obviously, anyother form of adjustmentot these parts may be provided. The slide 98is-provided with a semi-circular bearing lol, which encompasses aportion of the housof the knee I1. To that end there may be pro,-

ing or casing 44 oi'` the stylus. Another semi-circular member |02encompasses the other portion of the housing 44, and these parts aresecured to'- gether by meansof fastening screws |03.

Thus it will be manifest that -a vertical adjust- .u ment oi' the tracercasing 44 may be obtained by the operation of i,

` or themas' wheels arf-sa.

a pressure regulating valve of any desiredtype, v

Obviously, vduring the operation Aof the cutter a 'upon the work, thecross slide 20 and table 2| are.

act tion of the hand wheel 81, while a transverse and longitudinalmovement of the tracer casing 44 may be had through the adjustment oroperationfa It sometimes happens that through carelessness or for other"reasons, it is desired to arrest the upward movement ofthe knee o! themachine at a predetermined point in its movement to prevent injury toparts oi!l the machine, 'andtherefore safety mechanism for that purposemay be employed.

A simple and emcient means for accomplish-v ing this result comprises averticallyarranged rod or bar |04 (see particularlyFigures 1 and '2)which is 'secured to the knee I1 and is vertically adjustable withrespect thereto. VArranged within the path oi movement of the end of therod |04 and supported preferably by the arm 84 is a rack member |05,having a head |06. and which member moves in a casing |01.` The casingis pro;4 vided with an opening |08.through which a gear` wheel '|09projects to engage the teeth o! the rack|05.

A spring ||0 is arrangedin the casing |01 and f operates upon the rackmember |05, tending normally to lower the head |06 into the path of theupward movement of the end of the rod |04. The shaft of the gearwheel|09 is connected by meansofa swivel joint ||2 to a rod or membercomprising telescoping sections\| |3. At the forward end of the rod H9 asection ||4 isconnected by means of a universal'joint H5, and thismemlber ||4 -isjournaled in a suitable bearing ||6. On the end of themember ||4 is arranged a cam or eccentric ||1 which engages a pivotallymounted rocker member H9. The end of this rocker member ||9 ispreferably bifurcated to stand astride of the rod 14 which isconnected'to the valve.56 (see Figure 3), adjustable nuts or collars ||9being secured to the end of, the rod. When the knee of the machine is ina position that the end of the rod |04 is out of contact with thehead|06 of the rack member |05, the cam ||1 will be in a position so thatthe rocker member ||8 will be' inactive with respect to the rod 14, andthe spring ||0 will force the rackmember |05 downwardly. As soon as theend of the rod |04 engages `the head |06 of the rack member |05, afurtherraising movement of the knee will cause the rack |05 to beraised, thereby rotating the gear |09 and with it the shaft'or rod II3.This will rotate the cam member lll and 'the same will act against therocker member H9, causing the latter to raise the rod 14 and with it thevalve 56,thereby establishing communication between' the passage 41`(Figure 3) of the trac/er valve andthe passage 53, so as to relieve thepressure of the. pump in the cylinders 29 as the liquid will iiowthrough the pipe- 5|, into the passage 41 and thence into the -passage53, through the exhaust pipe 55, back to the tank. As soon as the kneeis lowered sufciently `to permit the rack |05 to be lowered ,under thestress of the Spring ||0 a sufficient distance the cam ||1 will allowthe valve 56 tof move to the position shown in Figure 3.

If desired a manual means may be provided for similarly controllingI theupward movement vided amember |20 (see particularly Figure 5) having acam surface 2|,'mounted to yslide in suitable bearings and through` thecasing |01 To this end of this member |20 is connected a handle ,|22 ina suitable position for the oper- K ator.'4 Mounted upon the rack member|05 is a 58.01.' the tracer is with the pattern 42, the spring 1| limitof its forward tank or/reservoir 34.

Any excess pressure will pressure controlled valve l0 reservoir 34.

escape through the back to the tank or will trol the raising movement ofthe knee.

As the stylus or nger 5I correspondingly raised and lowered, theloweringmovement being eiected by gravity.

At the It it is desired to mest the raising movement of the knee attracer and there automatically controlling automatically effectedthrough the operation of the tracer upon the pattern.

' lng' from the spirit-oi' this invention.

What is claimed as new is:- 1. In a duplicating machine a slidablecarriage such' uid pressure, for also actuating said valve to reduce'such pressure.

2. In a duplicating`machine, va. work cutter mounted in ing the work andpattern respectively in conthe cutter and `vary the effective 1transverse to mounted intermediate its ends, and a cam on one end of thelever adjacent the pattern tracer, said cam upon movement of the leverabout its pivot engaging the side of the tracer shank to shift thelatter to move the said valve.

4. In a duplicating machine, a tracer andy a cutter, mounted in fixedposition, a support for the work and a master, means against which fluidpressure is expended to push the said support toward the cutter and.tracer and for holdtact with the cutter and tracer, means embodying avalve'variously operated by the tracer as the latter follows the proleof the pattern to fluid pressure, means, a portion of which, is arrangedin the path of movement of the work to the cutter to be engaged andshifted by the Work holder to vary the effective fluid pressure, andmeans controllable at will and operable upon a portion of the lastrecited -means for also varying the effective fluid pressure.

5. In a duplicating machine, a rotatable cutter and a, tracer mounted infixed positions, a slidable carriage for the work and a master, anhydraulic system for moving the carriage in a plane the plane of itssliding movement to bring and hold the work and master respectively incontact with the cutter and tracer, said system embodying a cylinder, apiston in the cylinder and operatively connected with the carriage,fluid pressure creating means in the system, a Valve at one end of thesystem, the master engaging element of the tracer operating whenvibrated by following the prole of the pattern to variably open thevalve to cause variable drops in the system, and means for conveyingback into said system any fluid which may leak past the said valve.

6. In a duplicating machine, a tracer and a work cutter mounted in fixedpositions, a support for the work and a master, means against whichfluid pressure is expended to move said support towards the cutter andtracer and for holding the work and pattern respectively in contact withtracer, means embodying a valve variously operated by the tracer as thelatter follows the prole of the pattern to vary the effective fluidpressure, means arranged within the path of movement of the said supportin a direction toward the 'cutter for operating the valve to vary theeffective fluid pressure, and manual means co-operating with the lastrecited means for also operating said valve at will and at any point inthe path of movement of said support.

7. In a duplicating machine, a tracer and a work cutter mounted in xedpositions, a support for the work and a master, means against whichfluid lpressure is expended to move said support towards the cutter andtracer and for holding the work and pattern respectively in contact withthe cutter and tracer, means embodying a valve variously operated by thetracer as the latter follows the profile of the pattern to vary theeffective fluid pressure, means arranged within the path of movement ofthe said support in a direction toward the cutter for operating thevalve to vary the effective fluid pressure, manual means co-operatingwith the last recited means for also operating said valve at will and atany point in the path of movement of said support, and an additionalmanual means operable at will and upon said tracer for also operatingsaid valve. l 4

8. In a duplicating machine, a slidable carriage for the Work, a patternsupport connected with the carriage, a cutter for the work, a tracer forthe pattern, both said cutter and tracer mounted in xed positions, anhydraulic system embodying means for circulating a fluid medium underpressure for moving said carriage in a plane transverse to the plane ofsliding movement thereof to bring the work and pattern respectively upto the cutter and tracer, means embodying a valve responsive in itsoperation to thel action of the tracer upon the pattern, for controllingthe pressure of the fluid medium and thereby `control `the movement ofthe carriage under the effect of such fluid pressure, additional meansoperating automatically by the movement of the carriage past apredetermined point in the path of movement of the carriage under suchfluid pressure for also actuating said valve to reduce said pressure,and a manually operable device co-acting with the last said means foralso actuating said valve at any time in the cycle of operation of themachine.

INAR K.- JOHANSEN.

